The symptoms and signs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can run the gamut from pain, irregular bleeding, unusual discharge, to nothing at all. Detection of STIs is so important because left untreated these infections can lead to serious complications, including cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
The number one risk factor for cancer of the cervix is the human papillomavirus (HPV), an infection related to genital warts. HPV can cause inflammation, and that inflamed area is where cervical cancer seems to develop. Find out the symptoms and risk factors for genital warts to know if you should be concerned about HPV.
Because cervical cancer can be detected early, the American Cancer Society recommends annual Pap test screenings for all women over the age of 21. The Pap test (also called a Pap smear) can detect changes in the cervix that may lead to cancer later on. Abnormal tissue can be removed so that the cancer is prevented.
In the case of pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, the main causes are infection by chlamydia or gonorrhea. The bacteria from these infections sometimes spread to other parts of a woman's reproductive organs, causing PID. PID has its own set of symptoms to watch out for. Without treatment, PID can lead to infertility and other complications.
If you are a woman who has had - or suspects you may have - HPV, chlamydia, or gonorrhea, contact a doctor to help you assess your risks for cervical cancer and PID.